The phone rings and you pick up the phone. An automated voice mentions the burden of high interest rates and asks you if you are interested in a lower interest rate for your credit card or mortgage.
If you are, you are required to “press 1”, or any other key. From there on, the automated service is just meant to collect your personal info and the financial details.
How to avoid: as official as it sounds, every call you get that has an automated service should be hung up.